Animal Farm- Comming to power essays

Animal Farm- Comming to power essays In George Orwells Story Animal Farm we read about the overthrown of an established power system by the characters that, at the beginning, dont fully realized that they usurp the same power. Animal Farm takes place at the Manor Farm, in England. One day an aged boar, Old Major, was preaching to his fellows animals, comrades from the farm, about a dream he has. His sermon was about great visions and beautiful horizons for all the animals in the world. The enemy of all the animals was man , tyrant that feeds on the misery of all the animals. Only his overthrowing could end their doomed, tragic lives. The rebellion against their enemy was coming. The old pigs idealistic visions of the animal world in which all animals are equal, had been exciting news for all the four-legged gatherers, who had been listening to the eye-opening slogans of freedom, especially to the pigs who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The story of the Orwells novel Animal Farm continues revealing more and more the pigs hungry craving for power. Soon after the brilliant speech of Old Major, the boar died but his dreams about the animal freedom, executed only through the rebellion against the man, were not forgotten. Particularly the pigs, considered the smartest of all the animals in the farm, were eager to get started the necessary preparations for the future rebellion against the man. Two leading brains of the preparations were Snowball and Napoleon. Not long after the death of Old Major, the rebellion became the reality. The master of the Manor Farm, Mr.Jones ,was driven out from the farm by the hungry and neglected animals. The farm, was renamed, by the new owners, the Animal Farm. A new era of freedom had come to the insignificant farm in England. The freedom of all animals could echoed in the bleating of sheep : Four legs good, two legs bad. Since Ol...

Free sample - Congressional Checks On Presidential Authority. translation missing

Congressional Checks On Presidential Authority. Congressional Checks On Presidential AuthorityThis paper discusses the congressional checks on presidential authority and the reasons why the congress and the president’s conflict are inevitable. Members of the congress determine whether the president’s case for military action is given free pass or widely contested in national media. The beltway reactions carry over to the media reactions and for weak adherents, adjoining branches of federal government set a critical tone for subsequent reporting. Congress exerts influence over the public debates involving the presidential use of force. The devote extensive coverage to their legislative   initiatives ,hearings, floor debates and public pronouncements on planned presidential uses of force and these actions shapes the case put before the Americans people for sending troops abroad. Congress is hardly the only political institution s that the president must contend with when planning for a military action. The military, courts and international institutions can take measures to affect the decision making on the use of force and at times the influence they wield intersects with congressional war powers. Members of congress have sought injunctions that invoke the president’s power to oversee the military operations without formal congressional authorization and these decisions were overturned on appeal. In many occasions in the modern era the courts have repudiated a military action and demanded that the president bring the troops home. For instance, recent events during President Bush’s war on terror on 24th June 2004 the Supreme Court released three decisions concerning individual seen as enemy combatants and held in military custody. The cases of Rumsfeld verses Padilla and Hamdi verses Rumsfeld was about indefinite detention of Americans by virtue of their citizenship were not subject to military tribunals that Bush established to try foreign nationals suspected of committing or   planning to commit terror attacks against united states. The third case was Rasul verses Bush bore right of the federal government to hold indefinitely noncitizens at Guantanamo Bay, Cub a. Justice John Paul struck down the military provisions that lacked resource to civilian courts by ruling that the U.S District Court did have jurisdictional authority to hear petitions of habeas corpus since U.S exercises sovereignty over Guantanamo Bay. It allowed the detainees to legally challenge their detention but did not compel the administration to either try them or release them. In July 2006 the Supreme Court issued its most sweeping indictment of the president’s war on terror where Chief Justice Roberts in the appeal struck down in 3-5 ruling the president’s military tribunal system. Congress has denied the president the legislative authority to create military commissions of the kind the issue here. Breyer concluded that nothing prevents the presidents from returning to congress to seek the authority necessary. According to Justice Kennedy’s opinion, congress prescribed these limits on presidential power hence it can change them. The administration accepted this and worked with congress on drafting military tribunal legislation. On 16th 2006 congress enacted the Military commissions Act of 2006 that validates the use of military commissions to prosecute foreign terrorist suspect and clarifies interrogation techniques that CIA can use on the detainees. Also, example is that President Bush spent months trying to woo Congress, the American public and the United Nations behind a military invasion toppled the Hussein regime and advance democracy in the region. From the administration’s vantage point was overwhelming and the need for action was clear. This resulted in a wide range of reactions in the halls of Congress to Bush’s initiative. Republicans came out in support thereby endorsing the president’s prerogative to define both the nature of the problem and the course of corrective action. In a speech on the Senate floor, John Ensign made the argument for action and the urgency of rallying behind the president, most forcefully that there is a time for all things, (William H and Jon P pg12-33) Reasons why is conflict inevitable between Congress and President The Constitution does not envision a master-servant relationship between the President and Congress. The framers of the document took cared for a system of government in which there is a balance of powers and extensive checks and balances between them. The President is entitled to recommend legislation, his agenda depends to a considerable degree on his skill of convincing members of Congress to follow his lead as he cannot dictate Congress what he wants. He faces a huge task in communicating with Congress because of its size and diversity. One of the instruments of persuasion is the presidential veto.   With an overtly combative stance, a President can bend Congress to his will. Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt for example devised the model of the expansive, activist modern presidency. He set the national agenda and had behind him the vast knowledge and expertise of the federal bureaucracy. In the media-driven age, he spoke with one voice, as against the man y of Congress, making it easier for him to command the attention of the cameras. . (Lee H pg1) The relationship between Congress and the President lies at the core of our system of government since under the Constitution, tension and struggle between these rivals for power is inevitable. The framers did not set out to promote gridlock between President and Congress even if they did intend that conflicting opinions in society, it should be considered carefully before government takes action. It is a dynamic relationship, changing with every issue, every event. Sometimes it is cordial and cooperative while at times it is hostile and polarized. Congresses and Presidents find a way to work with each other, cooperating where possible and the nation's business gets done smoothly. The relationship between President and Congress tumultuous as it is, safeguards the people from corruption of power and abuse of authority by either side. (Lee H pg1)

Dynamic and Static Elements of Marketing Communications Assignment

Dynamic and Static Elements of Marketing Communications - Assignment Example The communication is said to be successful if 'a customer goes to buy the shoes of a particular brand, not for keeping his feet warm and dry but because the shoes make him/ her feel masculine/ feminine, rugged, young, glamorous etc.' This is indeed the real task for the marketing team in general and the marketing communication guys in particular. The marketing team is supposed to thoroughly understand the customer's needs, buying habits and then plan the launch of the product in the appropriate market. UK market today boasts of an increasing number of young spenders. An increasing use of credit cards has further fueled these spending habits. These spending habits further vary with cities across the UK because a flow of wealth and income also depends upon the extent of industrialization of the city, 'mood/ attitude' of the city etc. as flows of income and wealth correspond to such an extended system of industrialization and stages of growth of the city. London, for example, can be cla ssified as having class, design, retailing, and a big share of the resulting income and wealth. More and more of the international corporate players prefer to make London it's home and such corporations orchestrate and finance production and marketing at the expense of firms into the operations business. They take stock of the size of the market, competitor's presence, and their communication strategies. At times it is advisable to plan out the communication strategy taking a leaf out of the strategies of existing companies. This holds particularly useful for service industries because in this case the consumer is lured with the help of innovative ideas of service delivery for example in the tourism industry, a market is segmented depending upon the paying capacity, existing preferences of tourists and bouquet of discounts etc. enjoyed by them. Marketing communication tools play a crucial role in the process. UK market is an advanced market in term of IT and communication technology . In most of the commercial environments, a technically advanced product finds more acceptance. A big chunk of working IT professionals is from Asian countries, for which different types of strategies are required than used for the residents Englishmen. The working communities from other nations are generally here to 'earn'. Their main concern is how to optimize their savings. At the same time, they are a crucial factor in the nation's economy. They help in the production of goods, materials etc. and they are the consumers as well. In fact, it is said that marketing people are the most secular lot. They don't believe in favoritism or any such discrimination. For them, the customer is one community with different attitudes and profiles. UK is in fact considered to be the most liberal regime amongst the OECD. UK has implemented reforms with far-reaching consequences over the last decades (OECD, 2006). A network of local authority local trader schemes is also functional which helps in giving consumers by way of providing them with a reliable way of finding trustworthy businesses and offers them adequate help when required. Such networks empower the consumers and assist them in making 'well-informed choices' when purchasing goods and services.  

Exploratory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exploratory Paper - Essay Example For one, various enhancements in the Internet such as flash playing and audio embedding has provided new and effective ways for people to communicate. In addition to this, the wideness of its reach has convinced companies to use the Internet as a major communication medium in tapping their primary target markets. Also, the immensity of information that could be accessed in the Internet has influenced the creation of passion groups or digital tribes. These are primarily comprised of people who interact with those who share the same interests with them. Lastly, the Internet has also been used by non-profit organizations in advocating their programs that aim at furthering social causes. For example, anti-human trafficking initiatives are commonly broadcasted in the groups’ Youtube, Facebook, or Twitter accounts. Through these examples, it can be claimed that the role of the Internet in connecting people has helped it foster the so-called ‘global digital community’. F or one, micro-blogging sites like Twitter keeps people updated with the current societal events—whether local or international. Youtube encourages people to be more ‘content creators’ rather than mere ‘passive users’ by allowing them to upload original videos. ... As such, miscommunications and disputes may transpire in the Internet, especially when taken into consideration the capacity of the Internet in disseminating information in a highly fast manner. It is through these aforementioned reasons that an in-depth analysis of the social implications of the Internet is vital. In this light, this paper shall expose the positive and negative effects of the Internet in peoples and cultures, and why key institutions of human society must work hand-in-hand in optimizing the benefits obtained from the Internet. Positive Implications of the Internet At this point, a critical examination of the social benefits of the Internet must be done in relation to technology and culture. Firstly, the Internet allows for an easier and more dynamic access and transfer to information (Brey 3). With the increase in the Internet’s storage capacity, massive information could now be stored and accessed in almost all websites, as supported by search engine giants like Yahoo! and Google. Interestingly, hard copies of numerous pieces of literature are now present in the Internet, too. In addition to this, the convergence of various media in the Internet paves the way for an easier exchange of information (Brey 3). For example, Tweeting is now linked to the user’s Facebook account, while websites now have share buttons that aid in the faster distribution of information. Traditional television, furthermore, has incorporated QR codes in its programs to lead its audiences to specific websites. Apart from these examples that reinforce how the Internet allows for an easier and more dynamic access and transfer of data, it can be claimed that the Internet

Color Theory Essay Example for Free

Color Theory Essay Wonder Woman hated men when she first set off to the world from her home, Themyscira, but later understood that she was wrong in her initial assessment of men because she simply didn’t understand men. In Deborah Tannen’s essay, â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation†, the often misunderstood forms of communication between men and women are explored. Gloria Steinem, American feminist who is a nationally recognized leader of the women’s liberation movement in the 1960’s and 1970’s, who expressed how she felt Wonder Woman is an exemplary model of what a feminist is. I believe Steinem would agree with many of Tannen’s views because they are rational, based on research and her essay is meant to bring the two genders to better understand one another. Steinem and Tannen both have the same goal; they both strive to find peace between men and women. Tannen discusses extensively in her essay about how if you understand that both men and women are raised in separate cultures, American man culture and American woman culture. An example of this would be how women place intimacy as the foundation of relationships, and talking as the cornerstone of relationships. The bonds between men can be as intense as women’s relationships, but they are founded less on talk and more on the activities they experience together. Both forms of communication are used to build bonds between peers but do so in different ways, and that’s a pattern that follows both cultures throughout â€Å"Sex, Lies and Conversation†. I believe that Steinem would agree that to have peace between the two sexes, there must be some sort of understanding of how the two sexes communicate with one another. Through that understanding, women would live far bette r lives in a world that seems dominated by men. Throughout her essay, Deborah Tannen is clearly explaining that the problem between the sexes is that there is much mistranslation but that it is reparable and she even goes to state â€Å"Once the problem is understood,  improvement comes naturally†. Her essay is something Gloria Steinem would agree on and possibly even recommend to members of her various organizations to help improve their relationship with the world around them. Wonder Woman’s values like self-reliance, peacefulness and esteem for human life are all values that Steinem believes that feminists are trying to introduce into the mainstream. Although Steinem focuses heavily on improving the lives on women, I believe she does that because women are at a disadvantage in today’s society and she’s looking to help bring equality between the sexes. The gap that only a few years separated women from men in society having equal opportunities and rights is slowly disappearing and I think its in large part due to the efforts of people like both Steinem and Tannen. People who are looking to both understand that although men and women are different, they should to be allowed access to the same opportunities. Steinem’s efforts to empower women correlates with Tannen’s effort to bring to light the need of a cross-cultural understanding between men and women because in the end, they just want to see improvement in communication. It wouldn’t be much of a stretch to understand that Steinem would agree with Tannen’s attitude towards the failure of communication between the sexes. If people start to understand how to interpret how the two sexes communicate and educate themselves and others, The world would be a better place for everyone. Like Tannen says at the end of her essay, â€Å"like charity, successful cr oss-cultural communication should begin at home.†

Educational Philosophy :: essays research papers

My Educational Philosophy Education is the foundation of human interaction. School is where students take in knowledge that will determine what they do with the rest of their lives. Students are offered great opportunities through education. Many times these opportunities are largely affected by how the material is presented to them. As an educator one is given the opportunity to facilitate the learning of these students and affect their lives in hopes that they use this information to progress forward into the future. My goal as a teacher is to educate the future generations of America. I want to be a teacher because teaching is a unique occupation that will provide me with intrinsic rewards. I have found that the students have a large impact on how much I appreciate the art of teaching. I feel that teachers that have stable and healthy relationships with their students are the most successful. Throughout my student teaching experiences I have genuinely strived to be respectful towards all my students and each of their differing learning behaviors. All students learn at different paces, and work better with some learning styles rather than others. This does not mean that students should be left behind because an educator prefers certain learning styles over one another. A good teacher attempts to you all types of learning styles in order to reach out to all types of learners. One can do this by touching on all aspects of Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory when creating lessons. I believe that assessment in the classroom should be constant. Student should have the chance to be graded beyond the simple tests and quizzes. Presentations, class discussions and other ways that students can prove that they are comprehending the presented knowledge is important and should be noted. I am quite passionate about my content area, teaching allows me to communicate and share that knowledge with my students. Social studies cover so many areas: history, political science and the social sciences. I find each of these areas to be quite fascinating as well as lessons and skills that the students learn in these classes that they will use in the rest of their lives. The challenge and reward that comes from understanding the cognitive level of adolescent students is what makes me prefer working on the secondary level. A teacher is more that just a facilitator of knowledge. A great teacher is one that fulfills all of the following roles: educator, mentor, role model, authority figure, planner, assessor, counselor, as well as a peer.

General Description of the Community Essay

Target area being assessed by the author is hospice service in Sioux Falls and surrounding areas provided by Avera Mckennan. Hospice care is end-of-life care provided by health professionals and volunteers Hospice care provides medical services, emotional support, and spiritual resources for people who are in the last stages of terminal illness. Although most hospice patients are cancer patients, hospice accepts anyone regardless of age and type of disease. The goal of hospice treatment is to keep patient comfortable and improve quality of life. Hospice care tries to manage symptoms so that patient’s last days may be spent with dignity, surrounded by his/her loved ones. Hospice care is family-centered: the patient and family are both included in the care plan and emotional, spiritual and practical support is provided depending on the patients wishes and families needs. Hospice is not so much a place, as it is a philosophy of care with a family-centered approach that considers the patient and family to be the unit of care (Lattanzi-Licht et al. , 1998). Avera Mckennan Hospice Services are the main focus of author. Avera McKennan’s Home Hospice and Palliative Care program office is located in the Dougherty Hospice House. Through this program, they provide hospice services in a variety environments: hospice care in the home setting, hospice care in an assisted living facility, hospice care in a skilled nursing facility and also, in Dougherty Hospice House. The Dougherty Hospice House is a unique sixteen bed hospice facility located on the Prince of Peace campus. This place provides a home like setting with specious rooms for patient and sleeping accommodations for family members. It also has a meditation room, wireless internet, beautiful meditative garden, large dining and family room for families to gather, and library. Dougherty Hospice House and its surrounding property are tobacco free environments. About 80% of all hospice care is provided in private homes, nursing homes, independent and assisted living facilities (Caffrey, C. et al. , 2011). If hospice care provided in patient’s home, a family member will look after their loved one much of the time. Someone form hospice team will usually visit patient once or twice a week assessing a patient and addressing current health issues. Avera McKennan Hospice team consist of 25 people including nurses, social workers, spiritual advisors/chaplains, nursing assistants, trained volunteers, pharmacist and medical director. In case of emergency home hospice patient can call the 24-hour hospice number for advice. A nurse usually can come to patient’s house at any time of the day or night or give an advise over the phone. Based on the patient’s circumstances and stage of care, a hospice interdisciplinary team (IDT) may provide variety of services. Registered nurses assist patient with management of discomfort, pain and side effects of previous treatment ( nausea from chemotherapy). Also nurses help educate both patient and family about what is happening. The nurse is a link connecting patient, family and physician. Home health aids provide extra support for personal care such as bathing, shaving, dressing and eating. Trained hospice volunteers offer assistance with everyday tasks such as shopping, babysitting, and carpooling. They are being available to listen to the patients and families and offer compassionate support. Primary doctor approves plan of care for hospice patient and works with hospice team. A hospice medical director who has expertise in symptom management and end-of-life care is available to the attending physician, patient and family, and hospice team as a great resource and consultant. Chaplains, priests, or other spiritual counselors help patient and family explore the meaning of the death, and perform religious ceremony specific to the patient. Respite care can be provided by inpatient hospice to give family a break from stress of care giving in up to 5-day periods. This service recognizes the need for caregivers to have time away from caretaking roles (Ingleton, Payne, Nolan, & Carey, 2003;Lattanzi-Licht e. l. , 1998). Terms such as caregiver burden (Chwalisz & Kisler, 1995), caretaker role fatigue, spousal burnout, and role engulfment refer to an imbalance between the physical and mental resources needed to give care and those available within the family unit (Reese & Sontag, 2001). Regularly scheduled family conferences most often led by the hospice nurse or social worker allow patient and family members share feelings, talk about what to expect, what is needed, and learn about process of dying. The interdisciplinary team coordinates Avera McKennan Hospice services and supervises al care 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. The team is making sure that current information is shared among all the services involved in patients care. Official Community Government (form of government). For-profit and nonprofit hospices have the same regulations. They must comply with State low and Code of Federal Regulations governing hospice care. For-profit hospices grow more than six times faster than nonprofit hospices. Profit sometimes risks compromising the quality of care patients receive. Nonprofit hospices provide hospice services to anyone including persons who do not have health insurance coverage and cannot afford to pay for care. In this case, nonprofit hospice can provide services to person free of charge as part of its charitable mission because nonprofit status of the hospice requires it to offer charitable services and they are dedicated to the mission of caring those in need. Main purpose of for-profit hospices is to make money and pay dividends to their stockholders. They have no obligation to provide services to anyone who does not have Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance coverage. However, both type of hospices are trying to make money, but when they compete for patients, they must provide better care. Avera’s Home hospice services are covered 100% under Medicare and some Medicaid plans, but inpatient care at the Dougherty Hospice House involve some financial expense. Social workers offer patients and their families help with payment options and never turn away a patient for inability to pay for the service. Medicare is the primary payer for hospice services covering 77% of all hospice expenses. The rest is paid for by Medicaid (4%), private insurance (12%) or other sources (7%). Compare to hospital and skilled nursing facilities, hospice is considered a cost-effective service. Hospice charges per day are much lower than hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. Hospice care is covered in full by most insurance. Medicare and Medicaid provide a special Hospice Benefit. This benefit provides 100% coverage for visit by staff, medications related to the hospice illness, durable medical equipment in the home, and supplies for skin care, incontinence management, dressings, etc. Hospice care covered under Medicare includes both inpatient care when needed, and home care services. The focus of hospice is on care, emphasizing help the person to make the most of each day by providing comfort and pain relief. Most private insurance companies include hospice care as a benefit. Patient and family can hire hospice providers and pay for their services out of pocket. If patient has a limited financial resources, non-profit hospices provide services without charge as part of charitable mission. Any patient who enters hospice must be evaluated at the time of admission to the hospice program. Hospice dietitians assist the patient in reaching the best nutritional goals, depending on the current state of the patient’s condition. Common problems for hospice patients are nausea and vomiting. These can be controlled with anti-emetics in some cases, while for some patient s change of diet is sufficient. Educating patient and family about the changes occurring in the patient’s body is imperative. During the course of illness, patient experience changes to some extend in their food intake. It is common for the hospital patient to reduce oral intake of food and fluids as the disease progresses. In general, there is metabolism alterations occur in patient’s body with a terminal illness. Furthermore, there comes a time when the body begins to break cells down instead of building them up. At this point, the body is no longer takes nutrients in. Sometimes patients are forced to take food by family members; in this case the body may refuse through vomiting or diarrhea. A hospice dietitian will explain when this point is reached. However, addressing to stop oral intake before this point is reached is not appropriate. Ongoing assessment of hospice patient nutritional needs will help to determine if there is any appetite change or ability to take the food in and keep it. Based on a study of the non-hospice end-of-life experience of 3,357 seriously ill patients who died reported 40% were in severe pain prior to their death, and 25% experienced moderate to great anxiety of depression before they died (Lynn, 1997). However, hospice is a compassionate way to deliver health care and supportive services. Despite the low South Dakota’s death rate compare the national death rate, the two leading causes of death are heart disease and cancer, accounted for half of South Dakota deaths. Healthy lifestyle changes are critical in reducing deaths due to cancer and heart disease. These modifications can be accomplished by reducing tobacco use, increasing physical activity, and developing healthy eating habits. Minorities in South Dakota include African American, Asian, and Hispanic populations. In general, language barriers, transportation, finances, and lack of insurance were found to be the issues encountered by minorities in seeking adequate health care. Furthermore, end of life care is not reach minority population and remains as a national issue. The majority of hospice patient care is provided in the place patient calls â€Å"home†. In addition to private residences, this includes nursing homes and assisted living facilities. As the health care becomes better, the population lives longer. Nursing home patients benefit from hospice services as much as people living in their homes. According to studies, nursing home residents enrolled in hospice were less likely to be hospitalized in the final 30 days of their life (24% vs. 44%) (Miller, 2001). They were more likely to be assessed for pain, were twice as likely to receive pain management within clinical guidelines (Miller, 2004). Large percentage of elderly people receives home hospice service. Many homes need some modifications for the hospice services to be provided. For example, a bedroom may need to be relocated to a main level of the house for those who have difficulties claiming stairs. There is widening of the hallways may be required to accommodate a wheelchair access. Because of the growing number of people who wish to stay and receive care at home, general contractors are available to assess remodeling needs. A number of programs and sources provide reduced rates, loans, or free services with home modifications.

Belonging Essay

Belonging is the finest thing in the world that knows how to belong to oneself. You have to belong to yourself before you belong to society. Belonging is a quite a hard concept, as you can argue that people who don’t want to belong actually â€Å"belong† to a group of people who don’t want to belong. But what is belonging? One idea is that you belong when you feel comfortable with people who have similar objectives, goals, and aims as you. But, as i realised while analysing a film in fact it’s for this unit, if you don’t feel comfortable with the group you believe you belong to, then even if you have the same goals for example cricket. Even though everyone’s goal is to win, should the team not befriend you, make you feel like you are excluded from the team, then you don’t really feel that you belong to the team so it’s basically what belonging is about. My first text is about a song by my island home by Christina Anu and how the singer portrays aspects of belonging through her song lyrics. Firstly she explores the idea that belonging to people or places shapes our identity and then she explores how the barriers which prevent belonging can create a need to belong. The song Island Home shares her perception that belonging to certain people or place creates our ideology of life and where we rightfully belong. We live by the sea and My home is Australia this use of language shows pride and belonging to Australia. This creates and brings belong into place where our perspective of belonging to be one of happiness. Belonging is evident in the song in the boat on the sea again, and I holding that long turtle spear, and I feel close to where it must be. The composer emphasises the point that her home must be by the sea because that’s where she is from and where she feels that she belongs, the pride of her belonging. We create our own identity from the feelings and affections we have with belonging to certain societies and their way of life. Inclusion and isolation demonstrates our personal identity which portrays who we are. Our perspectives and views are changed depending upon what we belong to. My home is Australia; we are a land bound by sea to show that Australia is a part of her which will never be lost is also shown as her the composer is from a native background (aboriginal). She emphasises on how her and land are one, and it is this affection that had shaped her identity. Belonging in the song My Island Home? which I find is people who had experienced belonging to a place or community. But the song conveys the composer as; these glimpses are obviously not enough to make you feel the same way real belonging makes others feel. The composer shows the barriers she has to overcome like modernisation, family and living far away from the place she belongs to and this belonging is felt by her. The composer shows the importance of belonging by using a reflection question to compare her life in the present time and when she belonged. Will this place ever satisfy me this shows how much she wants to belong again, which portrays her strong love for her place of belonging. The composer only reveals through her dreams how she feels towards belonging. Six years I have lived in the desert, every night i dreamt of the sea shows the identity of the composer since Australia is covered in desert lands ad this shows the connection she has with Australia through her. Ahhh already it has taken so long to type this up for you to read , hope you are bored because you have a lot more to read so stay awake and read it ahah. My second text is on Edward scissor hand by Tim Burton, I was actually going to Life of Pie by Ang Lee but it was quite tough to relate to belong so I went with Edward scissor hands plus I got a bit help my English teacher for this movie so it make my life a bit easier. At the beginning of the film we see that Edward lives alone in a gothic castle. He has been isolated in the castle for an indeterminate time. Below the castle is a small town a close knit community and barely visits the castle, not knowing that Edward lives there. Peg feels sorry for him and decides to take him back to live with her in the town. At first Edward is being treated well because he is a great novelty. No one has ever seen someone like him before and he quickly becomes a celebrity. He is embraced by the townspeople; they think he is very useful with his scissors (haircutting, gardening etc. ) one of the town women thinks he is sexy and tries to seduce him. He refuses and runs away. This incident becomes the catalyst for Edwards’s rejection and alienation from the community. Edwards’s personality consists of innocent, naive, limited social skills, very gentle and very experienced at relationships with people, no idea of sex, manners etc. Other than what his creator taught him from books. He is very trusting until he finds himself he victim of a setup. After things become worse, Edward finds he is a victim and cannot remain in the community. Techniques used to convey the context relevant to belonging is that Edwards’s clothes and appearance is a complete contrast to town’s people. When he first arrives Peg him clothes to wear which he puts on over his own costume. This helps him develop a sense of belonging to the family and the community and reduces his difference to the townspeople. However the fact that he doesn’t remove his clothes indicates that he wants to maintain his identity. Later in the film he becomes angry and feelings of rejection and alienation by the town cause him to rip off. Music is used in a number of ways to show Edwards innocence and purity. His character is linked to Kims in the way music and lighting are used, the haunting they’re music, together with soft/bright lighting plus show plus the slow motion of the camera reinforces the innocence and the nature of their love for each other. At the end of the film, when it becomes impossible for Kim and Edward to belong to each other in a proper relationship. He goes back into the castle and she to the town. All though they cannot belong together physically they will always belong together emotionally. This is shown at the end of the film as Edward continues to make snow from the ice and flashback to the narrator at the child’s bedside. Alright you only got a bit more reading for go so sit back and read the rest and tell me how I went. For my third text I have chosen the picture the island by Armin greder. The picture book, The Island portrays belonging as impossible if there is an ignorant and fearful dominant culture. The book portrays to the responder into almost alienation and new comer into a strongly built and well organized society. The alien is portrayed as thin and white-white and unclothed showing that the new comer is an empty canvas to be painted opinions onto. The new comer is also thin and innocent looking showing how the character is reliant on acceptance to survive. Whilst the dominant society is given the appearance of large, over bearing, they are always portrayed as a collective group portraying their dominance. They are in black clothing, they all appear to look the same- again representing there collectiveness, and they are holding pitch forks portraying their feelings towards the new comer unwelcomed. The dominant society belong together they appear to look the same, and have much of the same views, they have collectively created a community that are dependent on each other and there likeness. The society is well established and fearful of anything that will imbalance its structure and that is different from their social, cultural and historical similarities. The new being does not offer any change, it does not do anything to radicalize the community but just its presence of being different offers physiological fear to the dominant society. The book demonstrates the effect of fear, what it does to a community and the object being feared. Through fear of this unknown the community alienated the unknown, trying to forget its existence when this did not work the community they contemplated integrating the being. But the overbearing fear of the effect the being would have on their system led them to cast out the different being. The being that was submitted to the dominant cultures fear was treated as inferior, become the dominant society did not want the unknown to belong they create a barrier around themselves in fear of the unknown and it defining themselves as exclusive. Because the dominant society was afraid of the unknown they showed ignorance and a lack of open thinking which creates difficulties to them from acceptance and understanding of anything other than their own people. Therefore Belonging is a way of life which characterises us humans and creates our individuality. Due to the complex and abstract nature of the concept of belonging, a true sense of belonging can be found in different circumstances for different people. As each individual has their own desires, needs and values, they find their place in the world and a genuine sense of belonging in various avenues. Many individuals find the strongest sense of belonging through relationships, due to the fact that by nature these connections fulfil the human need for social interaction and enrich the lives of the persons involved.

Working with children of incarcerated parent Essays

Working with children of incarcerated parent Essays Working with children of incarcerated parent Essay Working with children of incarcerated parent Essay Parental incarceration is a plague in the modern day society. Millions of children in the United States of America have at least one parent in prison and millions more have experienced the incarceration of one of their parents in their lifetime. Parental incarceration has several adverse effects in the lives of these children. These children experience problems in school, drug abuse, join mobs or gangs and they eventually become delinquent. This paper explores and discusses the problems that the children face and how to manage the trauma of an incarcerated parent. STATISTICS America has over two million children with at least one parent in jail; this estimate to about two out of every a hundred children is directly affected. In 1999 it was estimated that 721,500 of State and Federal prisoners were parents to 1,498,800 children under age 18. Twenty two percent of all minor children with a parent in prison were under 5 years old. Prior to admission, less than half of the parents in State prison reported living with their children. Of those who lived with their children forty four percent were fathers, while sixty four percent were mothers (Wright and Seymour, 2000). EFFECTS OF PARENTAL INCARCERATION ON THE CHILDREN There is a correlation between parental incarceration and child behavior; parental incarceration poses a great hindrance to a child’s social, psychological and emotional development. Children become traumatized by the incarceration of their parents; this trauma is characterized by confusion. They fail to understand their parent’s actions as the young ones don’t understand how the judicial system works. Children from the ages of 7-11 tend experience anger and sadness some children experience health problems as well as phobias such as fear of darkness among others (Mumola, 2000). Trauma further interferes with a child’s control of emotions and makes them unable to deal with future emotional traumas. Due to the absence of a parent, a child faced with the social stigma of paternal incarceration will often also encounter embarrassment and shame, which may in turn further inhibit the ability of the child to adequately adjust to the anxieties resulting from the separation through incarceration (Arditti, 2003). Prolonged embarrassment promotes depression and withdrawal from social interactions. Parental incarceration leads to family disruptions such as separation from siblings, especially when the children end up in foster homes. Sibling separation results in the feeling of loneliness among the children causing them to become withdrawn and the children are stressed due to the change in caregivers. When both parents are incarcerated or one of the parents is unavailable while the other is incarcerated, the child ends up in the custody of a friend of the family or a relative or most of them end up in foster homes. This is stressful when the care given by the new guardians is not as good as the care they received from their parents. It is a well known fact that children are likely to do better as functional members of society when they are brought up by both of their parents. Furthermore, the children may at times lack financial support which results in poverty. Desperation for money may lead the children to crime and prostitution (McMahon, 2002). Although children are affected by the separation resulting from parental incarceration, some sociologists argue that these social emotional problems evident after parental incarceration are mainly a result of pre-incarceration faulty parental structures. Faulty parental management practices such as child abuse, both verbally and physical best predict a child’s behavior (Johnson Waldfogel, 2002). Other researchers agree but claim that the children of incarcerated parents are more at risk to have these social and emotional problems than the children of parents who were not incarcerated (Arditti, 2003). Other studies further show that incarceration of the father encourages the child to act out more than maternal incarceration. This behavior is observed after incarceration of the parent regardless of whether the child had similar problems prior to incarceration of the parent. CARE OF CHILDREN WITH INCARCERATED PARENTS Children with parents in prison are a responsibility to the society in general. Society should realize that these children may be grieving and they should learn to be patient with them. When one parent goes to prison it is the responsibility of the remaining parent to take care of the children this is stressful for the parent in terms of time management and finance, however this should not discourage them to do as much as they can. It has been observed that incase of paternal incarceration mothers are likely to leave their jobs because they become overburdened by the work of taking care of the children even though they will be facing financial difficulties at the time. This leads the family to rely on government assistance. The family has to get used to the new lifestyle and this becomes stressful for the children and this could further hinder the child’s development (Arditti, 2003). In some extreme circumstances, the children become accustomed to a life of assistance and reli ance and hence, involuntarily or otherwise, lead a similar life themselves. Incase the other parent is unavailable, the nearest relative takes custody of the children. Â  If there is no one to take care of the children they become the responsibility of the state. The social services department takes control of them. It is the duty of the social welfare to workers ensuring all children have a safe, permanent home, one that maintains and promotes their well-being. The guardian should try to alleviate the child’s uncertainty by explaining to them what has happened to their family. The guardian should reassure the child that life hasn’t come to an end with the incarceration of the parent. The guardian should preserve the honor of the parent such that the child still respects his parent regardless of his or her past actions. PARENTS IN PRISON Understanding parents in prison is important in helping a child progress from the trauma of incarceration of a parent. Building a relationship with the parent is difficult for a person managing a child whose parent has been incarcerated. A large number of people in prison are parents; approximately fifty six percent of these prisoners are parents to minors. The population of incarcerated parents is growing. The population for women is growing faster than the male population. The male population is growing by 6.6% while the female population is growing by 8.5% (Wright Seymour 1990). Since the mother is considered to be the primary care giver, the re has also been an increase in the number of children in foster care. Most fathers are incarcerated because violence while the mothers are jailed for drug trafficking and fraud (Mumola, 2000). Most of these parents are serving long sentences. Some of these parents further suffer from a mental condition. It should also be noted that substance abuse is a very big problem to the parents serving jail term. 85% of these parents in jail abuse drugs. REUNIFYING FAMILIES AFTER PARENTAL INCARCERATION Ideally, after a parent is incarcerated the family should go through a counseling session, in reality this is difficult as the parents are unstable at the time, both psychologically and financially. Most of them don’t have any support system and find it difficult to cope with the ‘outside life.’ Returning the child to the parent soon after the release of the parent is not good because of the parent’s instability. Returning the child to the parent soon after release also stresses the parent and demoralizes him from stabilizing himself. CONCLUSION Parental incarceration has a lot of negative effects on the children that is evident throughout their lifetime. Childhood is a very sensitive stage in a person’s development hence it is crucial that a child has a very stable environment. The most important thing to do is to assure the children that their parents are absent not because of something bad or wrong that the children did. This is to help them overcome the guilt that tends to riddle these children. It then becomes the responsibility of the society as a whole to help in the development of children. It is necessary that the members of society are patient with them and help them in all the ways possible so that they overcome the trauma.

Theodosius Dobzhansky Evolution Biography

Theodosius Dobzhansky Evolution Biography Early Life and Education Born January 24, 1900 - Died December 18, 1975 Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky was born on January 24, 1900 in Nemyriv, Russia to Sophia Voinarsky and math teacher Grigory Dobzhansky. The Dobzhansky family moved to Kiev, Ukraine when Theodosius was ten years old. As an only child, Theodosius spent much of his high school years collecting butterflies and beetles and studying Biology. Theodosius Dobzhansky enrolled in the University of Kiev in 1917 and finished his studies there in 1921. He stayed and taught there until 1924 when he moved to Leningrad, Russia to study fruit flies and genetic mutations. Personal Life In August of 1924, Theodosius Dobzhansky married Natasha Sivertzeva. Theodosius met the fellow geneticist while working in Kiev where she was studying evolutionary morphology. Natashas studies led Theodosius to take more interest in the Theory of Evolution and incorporate some of those findings in his own genetics studies. The couple had only one child, a daughter named Sophie. In 1937, Theodosius became a citizen of the United States after working there for several years. Biography In 1927, Theodosius Dobzhansky accepted a fellowship from the International Educational Board of the Rockefeller Center to work and study in the United States. Dobzhansky moved to New York City to begin work at Columbia University. His work with fruit flies in Russia was expanded at Columbia where he studied in the fly room established by geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan. When Morgans lab moved to California at the California Institute of Technology in 1930, Dobzhansky followed. It was there that Theodosius did his most famous work studying fruit flies in population cages and relating the changes that were seen in the flies to the Theory of Evolution and Charles Darwins ideas of Natural Selection. In 1937, Dobzhansky wrote his most famous book Genetics and the Origin of Species. It was the first time someone had published a book correlating the field of genetics with Charles Darwins book. Dobzhansky redefined the term evolution in genetics terms to mean a change in the frequency of an allele within a gene pool. It followed that Natural Selection was driven by mutations in a species DNA over time. This book was the catalyst for the Modern Synthesis of the Theory of Evolution. While Darwin had proposed a supposed mechanism for how Natural Selection worked and evolution happened, he was unaware of genetics since Gregor Mendel had not yet done his work with pea plants at that time. Darwin knew that traits were passed down from parents to offspring generation after generation, but he did not know the actual mechanism of how that happened. When Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote his book in 1937, much more was known about the field of Genetics, including the existence of genes and how they mutated. In 1970, Theodosius Dobzhansky published his final book Genetics and the Evolutionary Process that spanned 33 years of his work on the Modern Synthesis of the Theory of Evolution. His most enduring contribution to the Theory of Evolution was perhaps the idea that changes in species over time was not gradual and many different variations could be seen in populations at any given time. He had witnessed this countless times when studying fruit flies throughout this career. Theodosius Dobzhansky was diagnosed in 1968 with leukemia and his wife Natasha died shortly after in 1969. As his illness progressed, Theodosius retired from active teaching in 1971, but took an Emeritus Professor position at the University of California, Davis. His often quoted essay Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution was written after his retirement. Theodosius Dobzhansky died on December 18, 1975.

Women in Military in Europe and Asian Research Paper

Women in Military in Europe and Asian - Research Paper Example It is said that most of them starting accepting women as clerks, then it evolved to drivers, and after some years, they started to be involved in large artillery operators. Presently almost all the European countries accept their women to take part in fulltime active duty, barely with any restrictions at all. This paper looks into a few countries in Europe who accepts women in their military. Denmark While other delayed to employee their women in military force, Denmark employed women in the Danish armed forces as early as 1934 with the Women’s Army Corps, Ground Observer Corps, and Danish and Naval Corps in the year 1946 and the Women’s Air Force as at 1953. During the early1962, Danish parliament enacted a laws allowing female gender to volunteer in the basis Danish armed forces only if they failed to serve in departments requiring direct combat. However1971 saw most women enlistment as un-commissioned officers, with most military academies in the country accepting fe males in 1974(Holm 83). Based on the research findings in 1978, women were accepted in virtually all sectors of the Danish armed forces, alongside combat trials during the 1980s making use of the ability of female in combat. It however become clear in 1998, from the government who passed a law allowing women to trial military life similar to the enrolled men, though devoid of being entirely open to recruitment. Female in the Danish military were under the command of Chief Defense (Bello 136). As t the year 2009 July, the highest rank ever attained by a female gender in the Danish armed forces was Colonel, Susanne Bach Bager, Telegrafregimentet, having with it at least 5.3% (842) females serving: 503 privates; 154 officers, and 186 NCOs, exclusive of women serving as conscripts (Solaro 43). Compared to other European nations accepting female gender in their armed forces, with Denmark the basis of evaluation of females as fit for the military job is very different, that is the basic p hysical necessities for women and their male counterparts in their military forces, nonetheless the necessities are a little bit more physically demanding than just the sex of the person in service. Finland According to Commemorative Coin Program, (78) the Finnish Defense Forces, did not conscript women. but, during the 199os, women aged between 18 and 30 years, were accepted as volunteers to undertake the military service both in the Defense Forces and in the Border Guard. Women were however not given any special treatment instead they served under the same physical conditions as their men counterparts, the only expectation was that, as for the women, They were given an option to leave the forces within the first 45 without any consequences. Failure of which, they had to finish the service that took at least 6 months to one year. Thereafter the women would face the same military duty as their male counterparts. Should a woman in service at the national service experiences any metic ulous catastrophe, preventing her from competently doing her military reserve obligations, the women would be reshuffled to another civilian service, which lasted for at least one year 12(Shin 167). It was clear that virtual all the units and services both Finnish Border Guard and the country’s defense accepted females. However while in the garrison environment, women had separate rooms supplied with separate bath facilities and toilet. While in aboard ships and exercises, females were lodged with men. As an incentive, the females in the military serv